英検1級 準1級ライティング予想問題・トピック・過去問と回答案

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英検1級 準1級ライティング予想問題・過去問と回答案まとめ

英検1級 準1級ライティング予想問題・過去問その回答案をまとめました。

以下の順。

(クリックすると該当箇所に移動します。無茶苦茶長い記事なのでスキップするのに活用してください。)

1. 2016年以降英検1級過去問+オリジナル問題
2. 2016年以前英検1級過去問
3. 英検準1級過去問+オリジナル問題

2は理由3つ、指定語句あり、200語までのルールですが私の英作文は240語までにしてます。

書き方は原則以下の当サイト推奨テンプレートに合わせて書いています。

(英検1級の場合は理由3つ)

Introduction	Some people say that 自分の意見の反対. However I think that 自分の意見 for the following two reasons.
Main Body1	The first reason is that 〜.
Main Body2	The second reason is that 〜.
Conclusion	For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that 自分の意見（結論）.

Introduction	Some people say that 自分の意見の反対. However I think that 自分の意見 for the following two reasons.
Main Body1	First, ～.
Main Body2	Second,～.
Conclusion	To conclude, I think 自分の意見 （結論）.

それぞれの英作文の詳しい解説は以下の【例】のように、各英作文の下のリンクページにございます。

正直、英検1級に関しては課題が難しいので出来不出来の差が激しいです。

リンクページには、英作文の出来について「会心の作！！！」、「上手く無いなぁ」みたいに書いてます。

もし私の英作文案を参考にしたいのであれば、リンクページまで読んで、上手くない点も理解してもらった方が良いです。

再度補足で、あくまでも筆者の回答案なので、満点の模範解答ではありません。

英検1級で8割くらい狙えるだろうな、って感じです。

協会の模範解答は、一般の学習者には到達するのが難しいレベルではあります。

私の英文は大学受験に毛が生えた程度なので、とっつきやすいかなと思って公開してます。

なので、参考程度でお願いします。

英検1級取得者ってたいしたことないなぁ、、って感じで眺めてもらえると良いです。

英検1級、英検準1級の英作文対策で一番大事なことは様々な課題で自分の英作文を書いてみることです。

今回紹介する課題を使って自分で書いてみるを大事に勉強してもらえると合格に近づきます。

【補足】

一部の記事に関しては、以下の表に記載のオンライン添削サービス(無料体験)を使用しています。

2016年以降英検1級過去問+オリジナル問題

2016年改訂以降の英検1級の過去問。

最近は一言加えて難しくするパターンが増えています。

次の問題改定まではこのパターンの出題が続きそう。

外国企業からの投資は必要か？

Is investment from foreign companies necessary for the success of Japan’s economy?

I think investment from foreign companies is necessary to recover from recession because I believe that Japan’s economy is no longer able to recover by itself due to its aging society, shrinking car industry and difficulty of domestic semiconductor industry resurrection.

First, Japan is encountering aging society, which is the biggest hindrance for the economy. The younger generation, which is the driving force to make the economy bigger by developing new technology, is rapidly decreasing. Furthermore, many young people are being forced to work in traditional Japanese companies whose technology is no longer sophisticated. 

Second, the car industry is shrinking. Japanese car makers strongly depend on conventional engine systems and there are many suppliers to make engine parts such as spark plugs and Diesel Particulate Filters. As foreign electric vehicles dominate the car industry, the domestic car industry will be completely eradicated and many employees will lose their jobs. Japan will need investment from foreign companies to hire these workers.        

Third, huge amount of investment to semiconductor industries are required.  To maintain Japan as an independent country, production of semiconductor, which is largely used in many products such as smart phones, computers and cars, is essential. However, domestic semiconductor companies are nearly bankrupt and it is impossible to develop the latest production technology. Japan needs huge investments as well as help of the latest technology from foreign companies. 

To conclude, I strongly believe Japan’s economy can not resurrect without investment from foreign companies.

工業化は全体として人類に有益であると言えるか？

Agree disagree :Industrialization has had an overall beneficial effect on humankind.

Some people say that industrialization has an overall beneficial effect on humankind. However, I think the results of industrialization such as climate change, increased population and wars caused serious problems in our society and it is hard to totally accept industrialization as good for the following three reasons.

 First, industrialization caused climate change. Since the industrial revolution, huge amounts of Carbon dioxide have been emitted by human activities and temperature on the earth has increased dramatically. As a result, we are encountering extreme weather such as drought and flood. Some cities became hard to live for humans.

 Second, development of technologies can boost populations that accelerate negative effects on humankind. The world’s population will reach around 10 billion by 2050. Our planet cannot sustain such a great number of people. In the future, a lot of people will be suffering from severe food shortages.

 Third, industrialization has triggered wars and conflicts. The world has been in the midst of the worst climate with a huge population. Each nation must compete to feed their citizens. That precipitated wars and conflicts. The total death toll is huge, and it is impossible to think industrialization makes the world better. 

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think that we can say with confidence that some results of industrialization have negative effects and are harmful to human society therefore, it is difficult to see industrialization as totally beneficial for our society.

人間社会は常に環境に有害？

Agree or disagree: Human societies will always have a negative effect on the environment.

 I agree that human societies will always have a negative effect on the environment for the following three reasons.

 The first reason is that human activities cause global warming, and it is irreversible. It is apparent that the rapid increase of carbon dioxide after the industrial revolution is the culprit of global warming. It is reported that it is too late to halt this devastating phenomenon by estimating the future trend of emission of CO₂.

The second reason is that it will be impossible to feed people without causing a burden on the environment. Large forests have been destroyed by humans to produce sufficient food. Furthermore, the world’s population will reach around 10 billion by 2050 and to sustain enough food sources, the natural environment will face catastrophic situations.

 The third reason is that global warming and massive destruction of the environment triggered by humans will result in loss of biological diversity. Due to loss of habitat, a lot of species have been extinct. These trends will not be prevented because the root cause of extinction is global warming and destruction of the environment by humans, which will be unstoppable as explained above. In the future, our planet will lose more precious species and they will never be resurrected.

To conclude, damage to the environment by humans is irreversible and will further deteriorate. Therefore, I think that our society will always be harmful for the environment.

遺伝子工学は将来の社会にいい影響をもたらすか？

Agree or disagree: Genetic engineering will have a positive influence on society in the future.

 Some people say that genetic engineering is harmful to our society because of ethical issues. However, I think it will have a positive influence on society in the future for the following three reasons.

 First, genetic technology can treat diseases that are incurable. Even though our current medical technology is well developed, there are some diseases caused by genetic problems that do not have any treatment. Recently, genetic engineering can correct genetic problems that patients have when they are born.  

 Second, it can increase our food sources. Genetically modified crops are now common in many countries to increase cultivation because these crops are durable against pests and some diseases caused by bad weather. In the future, further developed genetic technology can increase the amount of crops and solve the food shortage in developing countries.

Third, genetic technology eradicates local diseases in many countries. For example, Southeast Asian and African countries have been suffering from Malaria caused by mosquitoes for a long time. One solution to wipe out this disease is genetically controlled mosquitoes that cannot reproduce. 

For the three reasons mentioned above, genetic engineering is beneficial to our society in the future. The governments should subsidize medical companies to accelerate genetic engineering technology.

 政府は新しい技術への投資を優先すべきか？

Should investment in technology be a bigger priority for governments?

 Some people say that investment in technology is not important, and rather, governments must focus on other areas. However, I think it should be a bigger priority for many countries for the following three reasons. 

 First reason is that most of the problems we are facing can be solved by technology. Our world is encountering a lot of problems such as food shortages, peace, and global warming.  Newly invented food sources will possibly solve food shortages and peace. Also, more effective renewable energy technology will eradicate emission of Carbon dioxide and can stop the greenhouse effect. 

 Second reason is that technologies for those global problems need huge amounts of investments. For example, renewable energy technology requires not only fundamental research, which companies and government institutions have done but also construction of supplier systems for materials involving a lot of countries. Therefore, huge investment from governments is highly required. 

 Third reason is that investment in new technology stimulates the economy. As new industries are produced by the latest technology, they will make new employment. As a result, employees will have good opportunities to get more income. That will trigger economic growth in the countries.     

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think that we can say with confidence that investment in technology from governments should be prioritized.

 個人のプライバシーは現代社会で守ることが出来るか

Can individual privacy be protected in the modern world?

Some people say that recently, individual privacy can be protected because compared to previous times, people tend to be indifferent to other people. However, I think modern technologies and harsh business competitions possibly invade our privacy and our privacy can’t be protected.

First, the internet easily exposes our life to the public. The Internet connects our lives daily, and it is common that private information, which is unpleasant, can be easily exposed, especially on SNS. This is often caused by the lack of internet literacy of users and more SNS is widely used, more security issues will happen.

Second, surveillance cameras can collect our information unknowingly. Nowadays, there are a lot of surveillance cameras not only at the entrance of convenience stores, but also in cars called “drive recorder”. These cameras have possibly got our information through images. It is undeniable that our information from these cameras might be illegally used.

Third, customer information may be sold. It is common to make a lot of accounts on the internet. Many corporations have customer information through the internet and due to severe competition between companies, they will sell customer information to make money.　It is impossible for authorities to check all these illegal acts.

For the three reasons mentioned above I think that individual privacy cannot be protected in the modern world. Strict regulation will be required to prevent private information from being invaded.

経済制裁は有効な外交政策か？

Are economic sanctions a useful foreign-policy tool?

 Some people say that economic sanctions are quite effective and have solved diplomatic problems. However, I think this is not a useful foreign-policy tool. Rather, it will easily exacerbate international relationships and possibly may cause chaos for the following three reasons.

   First, economic sanctions have not worked. For example, the U.S. has applied strong sanctions against North Korea for more than a decade because of its development of nuclear weapons and missiles. However, North Korea conducted several nuclear bomb tests and missile tests while being sanctioned. 

   Second, economic sanctions can hit ordinary people who have nothing to do with diplomacy. In many cases, economic sanctions are used to target the governments of target countries. However, as economic sanctions become harder, the governments exploit their citizens and innocent people are more likely to struggle to live. 

   Third, economic sanctions aggravate the international relationship irreversibly and often result in war. For example, pacific war between Japan and the U.S. was caused by the sanctions against Japan. That eventulated in the huge casualties of both sides.

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that economic sanctions are not an effective way to solve problems and are not useful. Instead, international dialogue should be more needed.

グローバル化は世界に良い影響を与えるか？

Agree or disagree: Globalization is a positive force in today’s world

Some people say that globalization is a positive force in today’s world because it stimulates the world’s economy by optimizing each industry. However, I think it is rather harmful and its demerit causes not only economic decline but also conflicts for the following three reasons.

First, globalization makes it harder for people in developed countries to find their jobs. As our world becomes globalized, corporations can easily move their factories and suppliers to developing countries and hire low-cost laborers there. As a result, in advanced countries, the number of people without jobs will increase. That has an enormously negative effect on the economy.

Second, people in poor countries will be exploited by big companies from rich countries. Big companies try to minimize their cost to get higher profit as much as possible by using a global workforce without taking work conditions into consideration. As a result, citizens in poor countries must work in bad work conditions. That is not good for the economy there neither.

Finally, globalization causes conflicts. As the world becomes more connected by globalization. People easily move and live-in other countries. This will lead to the condition where people who are different races, believe different religions and have different cultures live together. In such a circumstance, it is highly likely that minorities will be discriminated against by the majority and conflicts will occur. 

To conclude, I think that globalization is not beneficial to our society.

人口増加は将来の人類の脅威になるのか？

Agree or disagree: Global overpolulation is a serious threat to the future of humankind

Some people say that advanced technology can easily solve problems caused by global overpopulation in the future. However, I don’t think that is possible and rather, it is a serious threat to the future humankind for the following three reasons. 

First, it can cause severe food and water shortage especially in developing countries. Now in poor countries like Africa and the Middle East, people are struggling to get food and water. Furthermore in those countries, the population is rapidly increasing and the situation will deteriorate.

Second, “ climate change” can worsen the situation. Because of global warming, the world’s temperature  continues to increase. Due to climate change, the world will experience extreme weather such as droughts and floods. Farm will become barren wastes. As a result, the global supply of food is likely to diminish.  

Finally, our advanced technology can’t find solutions to the above issues. In order to solve it, developed countries have done a lot of things such as making farms in deserts and developing space technology to find places where people can live. However, those efforts have not  succeeded yet and it is likely that it will take a long time. 

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that increasing population in the future will be a serious threat and governments of advanced countries have to focus on the problem rather than seek their own prosperity. 

英検1級英作文サンプル アジアの国々との関係改善をすべきか

Agree or disagree: Improving relations with other Asian nations should be a priority for the Japanese government

Some people say that Japan should improve relations with other Asian nations such as South Korea, North Korea, and China. However, I think that is not the Japanese government’s priority. Rather, our nation’s priority should be the relationship with the U.S. and so on.

First, it is impossible to have good relationships with non-democratic countries. One of the communist party’s main purposes is to destroy capitalism. China and North Korea are not only communist countries but also countries dominated by one political group or a dictator. Their animosity toward Japan is caused by the governments as “Communists”, not people’s decision. It is not worth improving relationships with them unless their government’s diplomatic policy is made by their citizens.

Second, it is just a waste of time to try to alleviate the tension between Japan and South Korea. Japan has been supporting South Korea for a long time to maintain a good relationship with them. However, recent tension is caused by South Korea’s acts. To make the relationships normal, Japan should not do anything for South Korea.

Third, prioritizing our allies is most important to protect Japan. For over seventy years, Japan has been prosperous because the U.S. has protected Japan and Japan could use their money for its economy rather than its defense. As China’s military power increases, we will have to bolster our alliance such as the U.S.

To concede, I disagree with the idea of improving relations with Asian countries.

化石エネルギーは再生エネルギーに置き換わるか？

Can renewable energy sources replace fossil fuels?

 Some people say that renewable energy sources cannot replace fossil fuels because they are expensive and unstable. However, I think renewable energy can eradicate conventional energy in the future for the following three reasons.

  First, governments have supported the development of alternative energy resources. Due to global warming, we are now experiencing extreme weather like floods and drought. In order to solve these problems, huge amounts of investment have flowed into research of renewable energy by governments. As a result, it is highly likely that the renewable will replace the conventional.

  Second, the cost of renewable sources is declining rapidly. Recently huge scale solar panel farms and wind turbine generation factories are installed in U.S. and European countries. This leads to reduced costs of electricity. Some reports said that costs of renewable energy will become less expensive than that of conventional energy soon.

  Finally, a large battery storage was invented, and it could solve the instability of renewable energy. Now it is already common to use large battery storages to store the electricity that is generated from solar panel farms because of the development of the large size battery storage. There are no concerns that renewable energy is unstable.

For the three reasons mentioned above I can say with confidence that the renewable can replace the conventional in the future.

宇宙探査はコストに見合う価値があるか？

Is space exploration worth the cost?

Some people say that space exploration is just a waste of money and is not used for practical life. However, I think that space-related technology is a good investment. It is useful for future generations because it reduces the effect of human activity on our planet. Also, by using it, we can learn more about space, proving how valuable the earth is.

First, it can investigate outer space in greater precision. Some scientists are searching for planets like the earth to live in. Now that our population is increasing, it is increasingly important to find earth-like planets. The exploration will contribute to this.

Second, breakthroughs in space investigation will also find new energy sources. We consume huge energy resources such as oil and coal. Some scientists predict that soon, fossil fuels will not compensate for conventional energy. Space research must be done for an alternative.

Third, knowledge of outer space is essential for us to understand future earth. For example, via space technology we now know that Venus is much hotter than the earth even though it’s the same size and spins at a similar distance from the Sun. Space technology also tells us that the greenhouse effect on Venus can make it a harsh environment to inhabit. Therefore, we can see that global warming is also a huge threat for the earth. Without space knowledge, we could not understand our own planet as well as we do.

To conclude, I think space exploration is worth the cost.

伝染病は将来、より脅威となるか？

Agree or disagree: Infectious diseases will become a bigger problem in the coming decades?

Some people say that infectious diseases will not become a concern because our medical technology can easily solve them. However, I think it will become a serious problem in the future for the following three reasons.

   First, globalization can easily accelerate the spread of infectious diseases.  Now the world has become connected, and people can easily move to other nations. That will possibly help the virus spread to a lot of countries at the same time. It is impossible to prevent them if the epicenter of the infection cannot stop movement of people immediately.

   Second, developing countries’ medical technology is so poor that a lot of patients there would die. In some countries such as Africa and southeast Asia, the Middle east and South America, the medical infrastructure is so poor that it can’t treat a lot of patients if a pandemic occurs. Without medical care, it is highly likely that patients cannot survive.

   Finally, mega cities will suffer huge numbers of patients simultaneously if the virus invades them. In mega cities such as Tokyo, New York and London, a huge number of people live in narrow areas and use the subway for work. That will result in enormous infections. Even though there are a lot of hospitals there, patient numbers will likely overwhelm them.

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that infectious diseases will be a threat to our society in the future.

大量破壊兵器の禁止は達成可能な目標か？

Is a worldwide ban on weapons of mass destruction an attainable goal?

 Some people say that a worldwide ban on weapons of mass destruction is an attainable goal. However, I think that is not an attainable goal. On the other hand, it is highly likely that mass destruction weapons will spread more in the future for the following three reasons.

   First, mass destruction weapons are needed to protect countries. In order to keep independent, each country must show their ability to attack enemies such as nuclear weapons, long range ballistic missiles and so on. For example, North Korea has maintained its independence by using mass destruction weapons.

   Second, globalization can help spread information about weapons of mass destruction. Due to globalization, the world is connected. People and new technology can easily transcend borders. It is highly likely that in the future, organizations which are not regarded as countries like terrorist groups will have nuclear weapons.

   Finally, international corporations to ban mass destruction weapons is not sufficient. For example, the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons has entered into force for about forty years but some countries do not join it and it is often said that other countries, which join this treaty continue developing mass destruction technology.

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that it is impossible to ban weapons of mass destruction.

人文系の学問は今日の社会で妥当性を失っているか？

Agree or disagree: Has a university degree in the humanities lost its relevance in today’s world?

Some people say that a university degree in the humanities is important and worth studying. However, I think the humanities degree lost its relevance in today’s world for the following three reasons. 

 The first reason is that graduates of humanities degrees do not have a lot of job opportunities. It is reported that most of the job requirements for graduates today are related to engineering and information technology. As a result, graduates from the humanities are struggling to find jobs. Most of high school students see humanities as career suicide.

 The second reason is that, due to lack of job opportunities, the earnings of people who majored in humanities degrees are quite small. As a result, it is hard for them to plan their life and make families, which lead to unhappy life.  

 The third reason is that investment in the humanities field is rapidly decreasing. Because of the lack of job opportunities for graduates from humanities, the government decided to reduce subsidies to that academic field. Now that there are fewer faculties and students in humanities degrees, the academic area does not have the influence of decision making at university as used to. 

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that, humanities degree does not have its relevance in our society.

日本2020年東京オリンピックで利益を得られるか？

Agree or disagree: Japan will benefit overall from hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics

 Some people say that hosting the Olympics is beneficial for Tokyo because preparation of infrastructures and ticket payment can stimulate the economy of the capital city in Japan. However, I think it will not make a profit and rather, citizens have to support huge debts after the games for the following three reasons.

  The first reason is that preparation of the games will require nationals to pay huge tax money. To hold the Olympics, new sport facilities such as stadiums and gymnasiums are needed. These initial costs are too huge and sometimes eventually transcend the estimation.

  The second reason is that maintenance costs for above facilities will be economically burdensome on locals. For example, Nagano city has been suffering huge debts for maintenance after the Nagano Olympic Games.

  The final reason is that beneficial effects of holding international sporting events are too small to pay off all costs mentioned above. During the games, the biggest city in Japan attracts many people around the world. However, that is only temporary. After the international events, all the economic benefits will evaporate. It is difficult to fully compensate for all the preparation and maintenance costs.

  For the three reasons mentioned above, I disagree with the idea that Japan will benefit overall from hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics. People in Tokyo will suffer huge debts for the Tokyo Games in the future.

日本はアメリカとの関係を見直すべき？

Should Japan rethink its relationship with the United States?

Some people say that Japan should rethink its relationship with the United States because Japan should focus on the relationship with China. However, I think Japan does not need to rethink its relationship with the United States. Rather, Japan should bolster its alliance with the U.S. for the following three reasons. 

 First, prioritizing our allies is most important for Japan. For over seventy years, Japan has been prosperous because the U.S. has protected Japan and Japan could use their money for its economy rather than its defense. Even though the cost for military troops in the U.S. is getting higher recently, its importance is also getting bigger.

 Second, it is impossible to have good relationships with non-democratic countries such as China and North Korea. One of communist party’s main purposes is to destroy capitalism. Recently, China and North Korea apparently show their animosity toward Japan, enhancing military activities targeting Japan. 

 Third, advanced technology in the U.S. can help Japanese people’s lives. For example, a lot of people, especially the elderly are saved by the vaccination for COVID-19 from the U.S. Without a good relationship with the U.S and the vaccination from U.S, there would be huge casualties of COVID-19. 

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that Japan should enhance its relationship with the U.S. 

先進国は移民を推進すべき？

Should developed nations encourage immigration from other countries?

 Some people say that developed countries should not encourage immigration because it makes the countries unstable. However, I think advanced nations should encourage immigration from other countries for the following three reasons. 

 First, without immigration, the population in developed countries will decline. For example, Japan is now facing rapid population decrease due to low fertility rate and elderly society. The Japanese government thinks that without immigration, it is impossible to maintain its population and economic power as the third economically biggest country in the world.

 Second, a lot of the young people are needed in most developed countries to support medical insurance and pension for the elderly. Most of the developed countries are experiencing an elderly society and increasing social costs to support them. Now it is such a big burden for the young generation that most of them cannot afford to have their families.

 Third, diversity makes new ideas and innovations. For example, the United States has encouraged migration for a long time and cherished diversities. As a result, innovative technology and companies have been invented by them like Steve Jobs and Elon Musk.  

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the positive effect of immigration is quite big and advanced countries should encourage immigration from other countries. 

先進国は移民を推進すべき？

Should developed nations encourage immigration from other countries?

 Some people say that developed countries should not encourage immigration because it makes the countries unstable. However, I think advanced nations should encourage immigration from other countries for the following three reasons. 

 First, without immigration, the population in developed countries will decline. For example, Japan is now facing rapid population decrease due to low fertility rate and elderly society. The Japanese government thinks that without immigration, it is impossible to maintain its population and economic power as the third economically biggest country in the world.

 Second, a lot of the young people are needed in most developed countries to support medical insurance and pension for the elderly. Most of the developed countries are experiencing an elderly society and increasing social costs to support them. Now it is such a big burden for the young generation that most of them cannot afford to have their families.

 Third, diversity makes new ideas and innovations. For example, the United States has encouraged migration for a long time and cherished diversities. As a result, innovative technology and companies have been invented by them like Steve Jobs and Elon Musk.  

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the positive effect of immigration is quite big and advanced countries should encourage immigration from other countries.   

表現の自由は正当化できるか？

Can restrictions on freedom of speech ever be justified?

Some people say that restrictions on freedom of speech should not be justified because freedom of speech is one of the most important things for democracy to check power. However, I think freedom of speech should be limited for the following three reasons. 

  First, freedom of speech helps spread false information. Recently, fake news is a really serious problem in our society. Sometimes it causes people to act unreasonably. Fake news is not only reported from conventional media such as TV and newspapers but also from Internet media and SNS. This fake news must be prohibited.

  Second, it will cause discrimination. Our society is well connected due to globalization and people with different races, cultures and religions live together. As a result, current world is vulnerable for discrimination that minority tend to be taken by majority. Freedom speech is sometimes used as an excuse for those discriminations.

  Finally, freedom of speech will eventually polarize society. Now, it is apparent that the media has its own position such as conservative or liberalism. To support political groups that they like, each media criticizes relentlessly the opposite political group and exaggerates that the opponent groups are like enemies.  As a result, chaos and conflicts will occur. For example, recently the U.S. experienced severe political polarization, which caused riots in Washington.

  For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that freedom of speech is harmful and should be limited.

民主主義を非民主主義国家に広げるべきか？

Should democratic nations actively promote the spread of democracy to nondemocratic nations?

   Some people say that democratic nations are not good for peace and stability because of the recent democratic movement and chaos called Arab spring. However, I think democratic is quite beneficial for citizens and should be promoted to nondemocratic nations for the following three reasons. 

   The first reason is that democratic nations have been more prosperous than nondemocratic nations historically. For the past several decades, democratic countries have been prosperous and most people living there could pursue their happiness. On the other hand, people in non democratic countries have been struggling in their lives. 

   The second reason is that democratic nations can avoid conflicts in their countries and that results in their stability. Democracy can make their nationals choose what they want to by using selection. As a result, people wisely unite themselves. However, in nondemocratic nations, people tend to decide depending on powers and weapons. That results in conflicts. 

   The third reason is that in non democratic nations, dictators dominate a country’s wealth. For example, in North Korea, a leader exploits his citizens and people have been suffering from severe food shortages for a long time. In order to make the people happy, dictatorship should be eliminated. 

   For the three reasons mentioned above I think we can say with confidence that democracy should be promoted to be spread to non-democratic countries as much as possible.

世界平和は達成可能？

Agree or disagree: World peace is an achievable goal

 Some people say that world peace is an achievable goal. However, I think that the world will experience more conflicts, wars and terrorist’s attacks and we will not see world peace for the following three reasons.

  The first reason is rapid population growth. The world’s population is growing and will reach around 10 billion by 2050. Our planet cannot sustain such a great number of people. In the future, many people, especially in developing countries, will be suffering from starvation. This situation will lead to conflicts.

  The second reason is climate change. Because of global warming, the world’s temperature will continue to increase. Then, we will experience extreme weather such as drought and floods. Farms will become barren wastes. As a result, the global food supply is likely to diminish. These food shortages aggravate the situation of suffering from population growth. This poverty will cause wars in the future.

  The third reason is globalization. The world becomes connected due to globalization. People can easily move to other countries. This will lead to the situation where many people of different races and cultures live together. In this circumstance, there will be a lot of discrimination against minorities. International terrorism related to discrimination might increase.

  For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the world cannot achieve peace. International cooperation and supporting developing countries are more needed.

安楽死は将来日本で認められるべきか？

Should euthanasia should be accepted in Japan in the future?

 Some people say that euthanasia should be prohibited for ethical reasons. However, I think it should be introduced in Japan for the following three reasons. 

 First, medical insurance costs are a heavy burden for younger generations. Now one thirds of the population in Japan are over 60 years old and young people must support their medical costs by paying medical insurance. That is a huge burden and most young men, and women cannot afford to get married and have families. By accepting euthanasia, medical costs for the elderly will be decreased. 

 Second, elderly society increases pension payments as well. The young generation also struggle to pay expensive pension payments to support the elderly. Even worse, it will be highly likely that the young generation can’t get the same amount of pension that they paid when they get old due to the lack of future young generation. The current system in which the young generation supports the elderly has already collapsed. 

 Third, living longer is not a happy life. It is hard for most of the elderly at the age of 80s and older to live happily because they encounter serious illness. Also, current medical care is just artificially extending their life without considering the quality of life. Euthanasia is the solution for living humanly and for death with dignity. 

 For the three reasons, I think we can say with confidence that euthanasia should be accepted in Japan in the future.

自動運転車の使用を促進すべき？

Driverless cars should be promoted.

 Some people say that driverless cars are not so beneficial for our society. However, I think that they can contribute enormously to our society and use of driverless cars should be promoted for the following three reasons.

   First, driverless cars can eradicate car accidents caused by human errors. Due to the developments of artificial technology, fully driverless cars will become a reality in the near future. AI is much smarter than humans and makes no mistakes. A lot of lives can be saved.

   Second, self-driving cars can reduce traffic jams and be good for the environment. Heavy traffic is often caused by car accidents and inappropriate drive by humans. If every car was driverless, we would move to our destination much faster and huge energy for cars would be efficiently used. That would be quite good for our environment.

   Finally, driverless cars will allow for disabled and those less mobile to get around easier and comfortably. Especially in Japan, elderly people in the countryside must drive their cars because of the poor public transportation system. Driverless car can help them move without any concerns.  

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that use of driverless cars must be promoted more and more.

電気自動車(EV)を推進すべきか

Should use of Electric car be promoted?

 Some people say that the conventional engine system is better than EV and we should not promote use of EV. However, I think EV is much better than gas-powered cars and must be encouraged to use for the following three reasons.

   First, EV does not emit carbon dioxide so it can help us solve global warming. Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide, we have experienced serious climate change that result in extreme floods and droughts. Gas powered cars contribute to producing a huge amount of greenhouse gas. By using EV instead, we can reduce carbon dioxide and prevent global warming.

   Second, electricity can be generated by a renewable resource but Gasoline can not. Electric cars can be powered naturally with renewable resources such as solar, wind, and water power. On the other hand, gasoline is created using oil, which is a natural resource. Using renewable resource is only way to solve environmental problems

   Finally, it does not cause air pollution. In European nations, India and China, air pollution caused by NOX from diesel cars is a serious problem. A lot of people are suffering from asthma and lung cancer. Electric vehicles do not use an exhaust system so they do not emit pollutants. For our healthy life, EV must be needed.

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that use of EV must be promoted more for our future environments.

NHKは解体されるべきか？

Should NHK be scrapped?

Some people say that NHK must continue to exist as a public broadcasting. However, I think it should be scrapped for the following three reasons.

 First, NHK is no longer required in our society. Now most people have smartphones and get information easily on the internet rather than from TV. Some of the younger generation even does not have TV. NHK’s role to provide accurate information to every Japanese person was required 50 years ago and that has already ended.  

 Second, the NHK license fee is expensive. People who own TV in Japan must pay at least 1000 yen each month as the NHK license fee. However, it is expensive, especially for younger generations because they must pay for not only tax money but also for pension and medical insurance with meager income.   

 Finally, NHK’s service includes meaningless entertainment such as drama and music. As public broadcasting, news information was needed in the past. However, NHK has its entertainment programs and has used huge money for them. That is just a waste of money.  

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that NNK is no longer needed in Japan and should be scrapped as soon as possible.

2016年以前英検1級過去問

2016年以前の英検1級の過去問です。

指定語句があるので、理由を2つで書けば、英検準1級用の練習課題としても使えます。

クローン技術の開発を促進するべきか

Should cloning research be promoted, or should it be discontinued?

• Endangered species
• Ethics
• Financial costs
• Food supply
• Medical applications
• Risks

Some people say that cloning research should be stopped because of its ethical issues. However, I think it should be promoted for the following three reasons. 

 First, cloning technology will help endangered species and resurrect extinct species. Due to human activities and global warming, many species are nearly extinct. Using their tissue and cloning technology, they are saved from extinction. Also, if we got available tissue of extinct animals, it would be possible to resurrect them.

 Second, cloning can solve future shortage of food supply. In 2050, the human population will reach ten billion. It is highly likely that a lot of people will struggle not only in developing countries but also in advanced countries. Cloning technology can increase cultivation of crops enormously and meet future food demand. 

 Third, this technology contributes to medical applications. Internal organs are produced from one tissue with cloning technology. A lot of patients who need organ transplant will get their own organs and be cured completely from this technology. It does not cause any transplant rejection that is common when they get the donor’s organs. Thus, their quality of life after surgery will be much better. 

For those reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that cloning research is quite beneficial for humans and our environments and should be encouraged.

都市化は日本社会にプラスの影響を与えるのか

Has urbanization had a positive effect on Japanese society?

• Convenience
• Economic effects
• Health
• Human relations
• The environment
• Traditional culture

 Some people say that urbanization is not beneficial for our society because it can destroy the environment. However, I think it had a positive effect on not only our society but also the environment for the following three reasons.

 First, urbanization improves the convenience of our life. Due to urbanization, a lot of people live in narrow areas like Tokyo. Transportation systems such as the subway will be developed for huge demand from many residents. As a result, people don’t need to buy cars and can move anywhere in the city by public transformation system.

 Second, economic effects become larger as cities get urbanized. In the cities, there are a lot of big company offices and a lot of people hired and worked in big companies. This will lead to an increase in productivity and make people and municipalities richer. This economic effect of one city is much larger than tons of local villages.

 Third, urbanization is rather good for the environment. In urban cities people tend to use less energy because they don’t need to drive a car. This is beneficial not only for preventing the greenhouse effects and but also for eliminating contaminated gas like NOx. People there can live without the concern of having asthma.

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that urbanization had a positive effect on Japanese society. 

石燃料はエネルギーの主役であり続けるか？

Will fossil fuels such as oil and gas still be the world’s main source of energy in the coming decades?

• Availability
• Energy companies
• Environmental impact
• International relations
• Public opinion
• Technology

Some people say that fossil fuels such as oil and gas will still be the world’s main source of energy in the coming decades. However, I think renewable energy can eradicate conventional energy resources soon for the following three reasons.

First, governments have supported the development of alternative energy resources. Due to global warming, we are now experiencing extreme weather like floods and drought. In order to solve these problems, huge amounts of investment have flowed into research of renewable energy by governments. As a result, it is highly likely that alternative energy will replace fossil fuels.

Second, the cost of renewable sources is declining rapidly. Recently huge scale solar panel farms and wind turbine generation factories are installed in U.S. and European countries. This leads to reduced costs of electricity. Some reports said that costs of renewable energy will become less expensive than that of conventional energy soon.

Finally, a large battery storage was invented, and it could solve the instability of renewable energy. Now it is already common to use large battery storages to store the electricity that is generated from solar panel farms because of the development of the large size battery storage. There are no concerns that renewable energy is unstable.

For the three reasons mentioned above I can say with confidence that fossil fuels will no longer be used as energy sources in the near future.

国際的テロリズムは排除できるのか？

Can international terrorism ever be eliminated?

• Economic inequality
• Education
• Financial costs
• Historical background
• International relations
• Military action

Some people say that advanced technology has solved poverty, which is one of the root causes of terrorisms. However, I think that modern technology that causes population growth, climate change and globalization will make the world poorer and head towards other global international terrorism.

The first reason is rapid population growth. The world’s population is growing and will reach around 10 billion by 2050. Our planet cannot support such a great number of people. In the future, a lot of people, especially in developing countries, will be suffering from starvation. Poverty will likely cause terrorism as history has proven.

The second reason is climate change. Because of global warming, The world’s temperature will continue to increase. Then, we will experience extreme weather such as drought and floods. Farms will become barren wastes. As a result, the global food supply is likely to diminish. These food shortages aggravate the situation of suffering from population growth.

The third reason is globalization. The world becomes connected due to globalization. People can easily move to other countries. This will lead to the situation where many people of different races and cultures live together. In this circumstance, there will be a lot of discrimination against minorities. International terrorism caused by discrimination might increase.

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the world cannot eradicate terrorism. Rather, it will experience more international terrorists in the future.

世界の食料供給は今後数十年で確立されるか

Can the global food supply be ensured in the coming decades?

• Agricultural practices
• Climate change
• Conflict
• Eating habits
• International cooperation
• Population growth

 Some people say that global food shortage will be solved. However, I think that human activities that cause population growth, climate change and pollution will make it harder to ensure the global food supply especially in developing countries.  

 The first reason is rapid population growth. The world’s population will reach around 10 billion by 2050. Our planet cannot sustain such a great number of people. In the future, a lot of people, especially in developing countries, will be suffering from severe food shortage. 

 The second reason is climate change. Because of global warming, The world’s temperature will continue to increase. Then, we will experience extreme weather such as drought.  As a result, the global food supply is likely to diminish. These food shortages aggravate the situation of suffering from population growth.

 The third reason is pollution. Developing countries where most citizens can not get enough food, focuses on their development rather than the environment. Therefore, pollution will  be a serious problem for them. Soil is contaminated by toxic chemicals from plants. People eat contaminated foods and will have health problems.

 For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the global food supply can’t be insured. Japan has to introduce its environmental technology to developing countries. 

自由貿易の長所は短所を上回っているか？

Do the benefits of free trade outweigh the disadvantages?

• Competition
• Consumers
• Economic growth
• Environmental concerns
• International relations
• Tradition and culture

Some people say that free trade is beneficial for our society because competition of companies around the globe will become harder and consumers will enjoy a result such as low-cost products with high quality. However, I don’t think it is not beneficial for our society and its demerit is rather harmful for the following three reasons. 

First, free trade will cause environmental concerns indirectly. As competition becomes higher caused by free trade, companies cannot pay attention to the environments to make money. As a result, it is highly likely that companies will lead to contamination of the environment and locals will suffer. 

  Second, free trade will destroy local businesses. Without tariffs, it is quite hard for local small companies to compete with big international companies from abroad. That will bring a lot of bankruptcies of local businesses and many people will lose their jobs. As a result, economic growth in some countries will be enormously exacerbated.

  Finally, tradition and culture in some areas will also be eradicated as well. Small businesses are closely related to tradition and culture, which have been fostered for a long time. Free trade will lead to devastation of local identity which is too valuable to be evaluated.

  For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that free trade will destroy local communities, which have been supported by their environment, economics, and culture and that cannot be compensated by its benefit. 

マスメディアは社会に有益な効果をもたらすか

Does the mass media have a beneficial effect on society?

• Advertising
• Education
• Human rights
• Politics
• Privacy
• Public safety

Some people say that the mass media is quite beneficial for our society to check authority. However, I think the mass media does not have a beneficial effect on society for the following three reasons.

First, mass media is strongly influenced by sponsors. Mass media role is not only reporting what is happening right now but also advertising some products of their sponsors. Therefore, their reports are sometimes wrong and have bad effects on our society. 

Second, the mass media itself has some political positions and they are biased. For example in Japan, public opinion surveys such as the supporting ratio for the current government varies widely depending on the media, which reports. Even worse, they report it as if it was fairly investigated. That may possibly manipulate citizens’ way of thinking.

Third, they invade privacy. In order to get the truth for them, the mass media relentlessly investigate and report not only their main targets, who cause some incidents and troubles but also families, who have nothing to do with them. Even though the mass media have been criticized for invading public privacy, their attitude has not changed. 

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the mass media are not beneficial for our society.

重大犯罪を犯した未成年は成人と同じ刑を受けるべきか？

Should minors who commit serious crimes receive the same punishments as adults?

• Financial costs
• Justice
• Mental maturity
• Prison life
• Public safety
• Schooling

Some people say that minors who commit serious crimes should receive the same punishment as adults. However, I think minors should not take the same punishment for the following three reasons.

First reason is that the mental maturity of young people is not enough. Minors sometimes commit crimes due to lack of understanding whether something is wrong or not. They can be easily rehabilitated and rejoin society when they just get older and have sufficient mental maturity.  

Second reason is that schooling is much better than prison for young criminals. If they are punished and isolated in the prison, they will not have enough opportunities to communicate with a lot of people and learn social skills, which is required to be fully rehabilitated. Schooling will help them develop their mental maturity. 

Final reason is that punishing young criminals causes huge financial costs. If minors who committed a serious crime have to serve in prison for a long time, a lot of money is needed to support their life. If they get rehabilitated soon, they can contribute to our society by paying tax money, pension money and medical insurance.  

For the three reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that minors who commit serious crimes should not get the same punishment as adults. Rather, they should be allowed to get a chance to join society again. 

多国籍企業は今日の世界でポジティブな役割を担っているか？

Do multinational corporations play a positive role in today’s world?

• Consumers
• Cultural diversity
• Human rights
• Jobs
• Tax revenue
• The environment

 Some people say that multinational corporations play a positive role in today’s world because they seek productivity by using global subsidiaries and as a result, consumers can enjoy low-cost products. However, I think they are not beneficial for our societies and rather, they are harmful in many ways. 

   First, jobs especially in developed countries will be reduced. Multinational companies can easily move their factories, offices and their suppliers to developing countries. That will lead to loss of job opportunities in advanced countries. It is impossible for people there to enjoy the low products of big international companies, which are from foreign countries, without money.  

   Second, governments and municipalities cannot get enough and stable tax revenue from multinational corporations. For example, IT giants like Amazon and Apple can avoid huge corporation tax payments by using their subsidiaries even though they benefit from people in developed countries. Citizens there cannot get public service because their municipalities don’t have sufficient tax payments from those companies. 

   Finally, multinational companies tend to seek just their maximum benefit and tend not to think about the environment of developing countries. For example, it was reported that foreign subsidiaries of Apple that produced Apple’s products cause severe environmental contamination. It seems they are harmful for developing countries even though  they make job opportunities.

   To conclude, I think that multinational companies are rather harmful not only in developed countries where they are from but also in developing countries.

日本の低い出生率に、さらなる対策が必要か

Does more need to be done to address Japan’s low birthrate?

• Attitudes toward work
• Environmental consequences
• Government assistance
• Immigration
• The economy
• The increasing elderly population

   Some people said that it is no concern that the population in Japan is declining, because population is not a concern to maintain Japan. However, I think the decreasing population is a serious problem for Japan to remain independent and more needs to be done to increase it for the following three reasons. 

   First reason is that population reduction will ratchet down the power of the country. As the population declines, people who support the economy of Japan also decline. Because the country cannot get enough tax payment from citizens, it is harder for Japan to maintain independence from escalating military pressure from China. 

   Second reason is that the increasing elderly population will worsen the situation explained above. Now the younger generation is suffering from heavy tax payment and medical insurance for the increasing elderly population. As a result, young people can’t plan to make their families. That will exacerbate Japan’s low birthrate.

   Final reason is that government assistance for the younger generation is quite low compared to the elderly. Politicians have to be selected to work as a politician, that is why they tend to make a policy that will be helpful for the old generation, who occupy the population. Strong assistance to young people is required to increase population. 

   For the three reasons mentioned above, I think I can say with confidence that the Japanese government’s measure against low birthrate is insufficient.

2016年以降英検準1級過去問+オリジナル問題

2016年以降の英検準1級の過去問と当サイトオリジナル問題の英作文です。

基本的には当サイトの推奨テンプレートを活用。

使われている単語については、所々に英検1級レベルのものまで使用しちゃってます。

余力がある方は難単語を取り入れてもらえると語彙評価UPになると思います。

転職を頻繁にするのは良いことか？

Is it beneficial for workers to change their jobs often?

• Career goal
• Motivation
• The economy
• Working conditions

 Some people say that changing jobs often is not a good idea for employees. However, I think it is quite beneficial for workers and our society for the following two reasons.   

 First, changing a job can keep motivation. It is common for Japanese employees to lose their motivation because they have worked in the same company. Changing jobs stimulates motivation to work and improve productivity. As a result, it is highly likely that income will increase.

 Second, it will improve working conditions. If everyone changes their jobs often, employers must improve working conditions to keep their workforces. That will result in increasing our income and eliminating the long working culture in Japan. 

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that changing jobs often contributes to higher income and good working conditions.

 動物で作られた道具の使用をやめるべき

Should people stop using goods that are made from animals?

• Animal right
• Endangered species
• Product quality
• Tradition

Some people say that using goods made from animals is our tradition and should be continued. However, I think using them should be stopped for the following two reasons. 

 First, it violates animal right. Every animal has its rights as well as human beings. In the past, it was common to kill animals to make goods from their body parts. However, it is apparently a cruel act considering animal rights. 

 Second, it makes endangered species extinct. For example, to make stamps made from ivory. A lot of elephants have been hunted in Africa. As a result, elephants are nearly extinct. To protect precious animals, we must ban killing animals just for making goods.

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that using goods that are made from animals should be banned.

タバコの生産は禁止すべきか

Agree or disagree: The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal.

• Peer Pressure
• Addictive
• No medical value
• Second hand smokers

I quite agree with the idea that the production and sales of cigarettes should be made illegal for the following two reasons. 

 First, smoking is highly addictive and harmful to health. It has been reported that smoking is one of the big causes of cancer. However, due to its strong dependence on tobacco, it is quite hard to quit. Prohibiting the production and sales of tobacco is the only solution.

 Second, smoking causes second hand smokers. Secondhand smoke is more dangerous compared to ordinary smoking because secondhand smoke contains larger amounts of toxic substances than ordinary smoking and will lead to fatal health problems especially for children. 

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the production and sales of cigarettes should be prohibited by law.  

 ITを教育分野に活用すべきか？

Should Information Technology be used in the field of education?

• Burden
• Jobs
• Cost
• Working conditions

Some people say that Information Technology should not be used in the field of education. However, I think that must be used for the following two reasons.

 First, Information Technology can reduce the burden on teachers and students. For example, having several textbooks every day is hard for students because they are heavy. If every student had an iPad that has all the textbooks, this problem would be solved.

 Second, children must get used to Information Technology as early as possible. Now it is common for workers to use Information Technology because most jobs, which used to be done manually, were replaced by IT and a lot of employees use IT instead. This situation is rapidly progressing. That is why children must be immersed in Information Technology at their school.

 For these two reasons, I think Information Technology should be used in the field of education as much as possible.

高齢者の運転免許は停止すべきか？

Should elderly’s driver license be revoked?

• driving ability
• accident
• commute
• countryside

 Some people say that elderly should give up their driver’s license because elderly cause a lot of traffic accidents each year. However, I think their driver’s license should not be revoked for the following two reasons. 

 First, driving ability does not depend on age. It is reported most of elderly’s cognitive ability is the same as ordinary adults and they can drive a car without any concern. If a few old people cause terrible accidents, that does not represent the whole elderly people. 

 Second, it is required to drive a car in the countryside in Japan. In most Japanese towns except big cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, driving a car is highly required to live to buy foods and commute. 

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that elderly’s driver license should not be confiscated.

 日本はキャッシュレス社会になるべきか

Japan should become a completely cashless society.

• Crime
• Effect on businesses
• Effect on consumers
• Privacy

Some people say that a cashless society is harmful to our society. However, I think that it is quite beneficial, and Japan should become a completely cashless society for the three reasons.

First, it can eradicate crime such as counterfeiting currency. If Japan became a cashless society, no one would use currency notes. That means crime, which is related to currency, will be eliminated. 

Second, it has a positive effect on consumers. For example, sending money will become much more convenient and people will not need to go to an ATM on payday. Also, exchanging other currency will become easier when traveling abroad.  

For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that a cashless society makes people much more comfortable to live in. Thus, Japan should make an effort to become a cashless society as much as possible.

動物を動物園に閉じ込めることは良いのか

Is it acceptable to keep animals in zoos?

•  Animal rights
• Educational value
• Endangered species
• Living conditions

 Some people say it is not good to keep animals in zoos because it is just an abuse. However, I think that contributes to saving endangered species and encouraging children to learn about the environment. 

 First, zoos can save endangered species. For example, the number of polar bears is rapidly decreasing because their habitats are being devastated by global warming. To protect polar bears from extinction, a lot of zoos are joining activities to breed them.

 Second, zoos have educational value. When going to watch animals there, children not only learn about animals but also learn how valuable nature is. That is quite beneficial because in the future, people who learned at zoos will tend to protect nature and take care of animals. 

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that it is acceptable to keep animals in zoos. 

 日本企業は外国人従業員をより雇用すべきか

 Japanese companies should hire more foreign workers

• Aging population
• Costs
• Cultural differences
• Globalization

Some people say that foreign workers will cause loss of jobs for Japanese and should not be hired. However, I think they should be employed for the following two reasons. 

 First, Japan is experiencing a rapid increase in its aging population and to compensate for the lack of workers, foreign workers are required. Shortage of workers is a serious problem in various industries in Japan even though the elderly and women are hired to bolster the workforce. It is impossible to maintain the Japanese economy without employees from overseas.

 Second, globalization needs foreign workers. Due to globalization, Japanese companies must sell their products to foreign countries more and more. To understand foreign countries’ trends and its culture to sell their products, employees from various countries are needed. 

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that more workers from other countries should be hired. 

大企業は社会に良い影響があるか

Big company have a positive effect on society

• Products 
• The economy
• The environment
• Work-life balance

Some people say that big companies are not beneficial for our society because it will destroy small companies, which have made our society and traditional cultures. However, I think big corporations have a positive effect on society for the following two reasons.

First, big companies boost the economy. Compared to small companies, big company’s productivity is higher because each employee there can focus on their specialties. That is why big companies tend to make huge profits, give high salaries to their employees, and stimulate the economy. 

Second, big companies can make new products and lead innovation. Big companies can afford to invest in various fields to make future products. As a result, they can invent new products, which can make our life more convenient. On the other hand, small companies can’t afford to do that. 

To conclude, I think big companies are beneficial for our society.

皆が菜食主義者になるべき

More people should become vegetarian in the future

• Animal right 
• Cost
• Environment
• Health

Some people say that it does not matter that we will continue to eat meat. However, I think we should become vegetarian in the future for the following two reasons.

First reason is that farming animals is harmful for the environment. For example, cows emit methane gas, which is much more effective in increasing global warming than carbon dioxide. When we stop eating beef, global warming will become slower. 

Second reason is that eating animals is a violation of animal rights. Recently, hunting whales and dolphins is limited because that is regarded as animal abuse. Farming animals like cows and pigs are the same as whales and dolphins in terms of mammals, which have intelligence. In order to protect animal rights, we should eat vegetables rather than meat.

For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that eating animals should be banned.

将来地球以外の惑星に住むことになるか？

Will humans live on other planets someday?

• Cost
• Dangers
• Situation on Earth
• Technology

Some people say that humans will live on other planets someday because space technology is rapidly developed. However, I don’t think it is possible to live outside of the earth for the following two reasons. 

First, the cost to take people to other planets is high. When a person travels to the moon, huge money is needed. Because there are no planets to live in except the earth in our solar system, more and more money will be needed than the moon and that is not feasible.

Second, finding the planets which have the same situation on earth is extremely difficult. To make the environment on the earth, the planet requires the same size as the earth, the same distance from its sun, and the existence of water. Our advanced technology can’t find planets which meet these conditions.

To conclude, I think that humans must live on the earth forever. 

観光地建設は地方政府にとって良い案か

Is it a good idea for local governments to build tourist sites, such as theme parks and museums?

• Construction costs
• Effect on local people
• Spending by visitors
• The environment

Some people say that building tour sites, such as parks and museums is a good idea to stimulate the local economy. However, I don’t think that is beneficial for the following two reasons.

First, construction costs are too huge to pay for residents. For example, in the 1990s the Japanese government subsidized local municipalities to boost the local economy and many sites like parks were constructed. However, most of them went bankrupt and huge debts remained and that is a big burden for local people. 

Second, that is not good for the environment. To construct a theme park, large forests are likely to be destroyed and using a lot of material for construction will result in emitting huge amounts of carbon dioxide, which is the main cause of global warming.   

To conclude I think we can say with confidence that constructing tourist sites are rather harmful and should be stopped.

若い人は今後両親と住むようになるか？

The number of young people who live with their parents after they finish their education will increase in the future.

• Convenience
• Cost of living
• Personal freedom
• Safety

I think the number of young people who live with parents after they finish their education will increase in the future for the following two reasons.

First, the cost of living with their parents is cheap. The salary of employees in Japan has not changed for the past three decades, even though salaries in other countries increased. Addition to that, tax and insurance costs are increasing. Young people can’t afford to have their children. Therefore, they will have to live with their parents. 

Second, life with their parents is convenient. Recently young people’s lives are hard to handle. Sometimes, they cannot prepare their meals and cannot care for their children because they must work long hours. In that case, it is helpful that their parents who live together can help. 

For these two reasons, I think that young people will be more likely to choose life with their parents.  

日本の高校教育は改善される必要があるか？

Agree or disagree: High school education in Japan needs to be improved

• Curriculum
• Globalization
• Pressure on students
• Quality of teaching

Some people say that high school education in Japan is good. However, I think it is not beneficial for students and needs to be improved for the following two reasons. 

First, the education curriculum in high school is old. For example, ancient Japanese and Chinese are required to learn. However, these subjects are not practical, and most students will not use knowledge of them after graduation. This is just a waste of time.

Second, globalization will change future society and education must catch up with it. Due to globalization, English is more needed to communicate with coworkers across the world. Unfortunately, English education in Japan is not enough and most students cannot speak even though they have learned it for over six years.

For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that high school education in Japan needs a change for the better. 

中学受験は増えるか？

The number of children who take the junior high school entrance exam is increasing

• Ability
• Parent
• Competition
• Motivation

 Some people say that the number of children who take the junior high school entrance exam is increasing. However, I think the number is decreasing for the following two reasons.

 The first reason is that there are fewer children.  Due to the aging society and the decrease in marriages, the fertility rate is rapidly dropping. As a result, the number of children is dropping, and there are fewer examinees.

 The second reason is that competition between children is getting weaker. As the number of children decreases, academic competition between them is getting weaker. Every student can enter university without studying. It is enough for students to learn at ordinary junior high school and the entrance examination for junior high school will be eliminated.

 For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that fewer children take the entrance exam for junior high school.

インターネットの情報は信頼すべきか？

Should people trust information on the Internet?

• Learning
• News
• Online shopping 
• Social media

Some people say that information on the internet is reliable. However, I think information there should not be trusted for the following two reasons.

 First, there is a lot of news on the internet, which does not have appropriate sources. Most of cases, these are so called “Fake News” and it is harmful for our society because it will easily affect our decision making. 

 Second, social media spreads the influence of false information.  For example, recently a lot of people buy something commercialized by an influencer on SNS. As a result, it is often reported that people are tricked into buying something such as supplements, which cannot be explained scientifically.

For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that information on the Internet must not be trusted.   

政府は再利用製品を促進をもっとすべきか？

Agree or disagree: The government should do more to promote reusable products

• Cost
• Effect on businesses
• Garbage
• Safety

The government should do more to promote reusable products for the following two reasons.

First, encouraging the use of reusable products has a positive effect on businesses as well as on consumers. For example, companies will make an appeal to their effort for the earth by using reusable products. Also, consumers will learn the importance of the environment and will choose products which can reduce burden on the environment.

Second, through promoting reusable products, our society can reduce the total amount of garbage. When increasing the usage of recycled products, we can reduce garbage because garbage is used again as “recycled products”. As a result, we can reduce the burden on the environment.

To conclude, I strongly believe that the government should do more to expand the usage of reusable products.

英検準1級英作文サンプル 自動車の数を制限すべき？

Should the number of cars in cities be limited?

• Convenience 
• Public safety 
• The environment
• Cost

Some people say that car numbers should be limited in cities for the environment. However, I do not think the number of cars in cities should be limited for the following two reasons. 

First, it is convenient for people without limitation of cars in cities. If limitation of cars was implemented, some people would not own their cars. That results in loss of convenience and people do not want to live in such a city. 

Second, the limitation of cars will ruin the economy of the city. Economic activities such as moving people and things by cars must be suppressed. Also, car sales in the city will decrease. As a result, the economic situation will deteriorate and tax revenue in the municipality will decline as well.

For the two reasons mentioned above, I think we can say with confidence that the number of cars should not be limited.  

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